types:
aquifer
underground bed or layer yielding groundwater for wells, springs, etc.
beach
an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake
cave
a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea
delta
a low area of alluvial deposits where a river divides before entering a larger body of water
diapir
a domed rock formation where a core of rock has moved upward and pierced through the more brittle overlying strata
folium
a thin layer or stratum of (especially metamorphic) rock
foreshore
the part of the seashore between the highwater mark and the low-water mark
massif
a block of the earth's crust bounded by faults and shifted to form peaks of a mountain range
monocline
a geological formation in which all strata are inclined in the same direction
mouth
the point where a stream issues into a larger body of water
relict
geological feature that is a remnant of a pre-existing formation after other parts have disappeared
ridge
a long narrow natural elevation on the floor of the ocean
shore
the land along the edge of a body of water
scree,
talus
a sloping mass of loose rocks at the base of a cliff
wall
a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain)
arete
a sharp narrow ridge found in rugged mountains
bank
sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)
bank,
camber,
cant
a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force
basin
a natural depression in the surface of the land often with a lake at the bottom of it
bed,
bottom
a depression forming the ground under a body of water
bonanza
an especially rich vein of precious ore
caldera
a large crater caused by the violent explosion of a volcano that collapses into a depression
cavern
a large cave or a large chamber in a cave
coast
a slope down which sleds may coast
cove
small or narrow cave in the side of a cliff or mountain
crag
a steep rugged rock or cliff
crater
a bowl-shaped depression formed by the impact of a meteorite or bomb
escarpment,
scarp
a long steep slope or cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge; usually formed by erosion
Fountain of Youth
a fountain described in folk tales as able to make people young again
geyser
a spring that discharges hot water and steam
glacier
a slowly moving mass of ice
grot,
grotto
a small cave (usually with attractive features)
hill
a local and well-defined elevation of the land
hole,
hollow
a depression hollowed out of solid matter
berg,
iceberg
a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier
ice cap,
icecap
a mass of ice and snow that permanently covers a large area of land (e.g., the polar regions or a mountain peak)
ice field
a large flat mass of ice (larger than an ice floe) floating at sea
floe,
ice floe
a flat mass of ice (smaller than an ice field) floating at sea
maar
a flat-bottomed volcanic crater that was formed by an explosion; often filled with water
mount,
mountain
a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill
piedmont
a gentle slope leading from the base of a mountain to a region of flat land
plage
the beach at a seaside resort
ridge
a long narrow natural elevation or striation
sink,
sinkhole,
swallow hole
a depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage (especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof
strand
a poetic term for a shore (as the area periodically covered and uncovered by the tides)
swell
a rounded elevation (especially one on an ocean floor)
trough
a narrow depression (as in the earth or between ocean waves or in the ocean bed)
vale,
valley
a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river